Research Methods for Journalists
Editorial D22
Spring, 1998
Professor Peter Miller
14 Harris Hall
847-491-5835
p-miller@nwu.edu
Warren Cohen
Midwest Correspondent
U.S.News & World Report
312-540-1231
wjcohen@mindspring.com

Overview

This course is about evaluating and executing social science research. Journalism professionals increasingly need to analyze, interpret and use research methods employed in the social sciences. Knowledge of these methods is increasingly important for informing audiences about the findings of research in areas such as crime, political campaigns, welfare reform, government operations, race relations and many others. Journalists must decipher and judge claims based upon social science research. In addition, journalists are frequently called upon -- as in the case of "civic journalism" and computer assisted reporting projects -- to generate original research as part of news coverage. Participants in this course will learn some of the fundamental lessons needed to fulfill these responsibilities well.

The course involves reading, discussion and exercises. The first part of the term is devoted to learning the language and logic of research, including research ethics, study design, measurement and data gathering, sampling and statistical inference, and the use and misuse of statistics. In addition, during this period students will learn and practice the use of spreadsheet software to analyze data. Among other things, these lessons will prepare students for participation in the Civic Journalism conference hosted by Medill on May 11-12. The last three meetings of the term are devoted to producing and discussing a computer-assisted reporting project.

Readings

Three books may be purchased at Student Book Exchange on Sherman Avenue:

Traugott and Lavrakas provide a substantial amount of information about the conduct and reporting of election polls in a straightforward question-and-answer format. Czaja and Blair offer a detailed primer on how to conduct a survey, with special attention to the decision points that must be faced by all survey designers. Moore gives a behind-the-scenes look at some of the most prominent pollsters and the nature of their business. The book puts a more "human face" on the conduct of survey research.

In addition to these books, course participants will receive photocopied material from various sources to fill in gaps left by these sources.

Readings must be completed in advance of the class for which they are assigned.

Evaluation

Grading will be based on a final examination (30%) to be administered on June 8, a 5-page analysis of research in a "civic journalism" project (20%), due on May 18, a computer-assisted reporting project using spreadsheet software (20%), due on June 1, weekly participation (10%) and performance on quizzes and homework (20%).

The final examination will consist of short answer questions covering both reading and seminar presentations. Quizzes will be administered periodically during the term to measure participants' mastery of the course material. Homework exercises will be assigned to develop proficiency in locating research materials, in analyzing research presentations, and in using spreadsheet software. Participation will be assessed with reference both to the amount and quality of discussion. Instructions for the analysis of a "civic journalism" project and the computer-assisted reporting project will be distributed at an appropriate time.

Instructors

Peter Miller is Associate Professor of Communication Studies and Journalism. He is editor of the Poll Review section of Public Opinion Quarterly, and past Standards Chair of the American Association for Public Opinion Research. His publications include articles on survey methodology, the public opinion research industry and mass communication effects.

Warren Cohen is the Midwest correspondent for U.S.News & World Report. He specializes in politics, business, economics, and public policy. Cohen has also worked on a variety of computer-assisted reports, focusing on subjects such as banking, telecommunications, regional and state economies and public finance. Cohen is a member of Investigative, Reporters and Editors and is a frequent speaker at conferences about computer assisted reporting and the Internet.

Calendar

March 30: Introduction to the Course and Discussion of Research Ethics
This meeting is devoted to an overview of the course and a discussion of principles of ethical research. A pretest examination will be administered to assess the level of sophistication of course participants.

April 6: Elements of Study Design: Description, Correlation and Causation
This meeting will include an introduction to spreadsheet use and a discussion of the fundamental logic of research.
Read: Czaja and Blair, Chapter 1-2, Traugott and Lavrakas, Chapter 1-3,10.

April 13: Data Collection: Conceptualization and Development of Measures
This meeting will concern the invention of scientific concepts and indicators for them. We will discuss methods for testing newly developed measures.
Read: Czaja and Blair, Chapter 4-6, Traugott and Lavrakas, Chapter 7.

April 20: Data Collection: Methods of Gathering Information
This meeting will concern a discussion of the various means that can be used to gather observations and their strengths and weaknesses.
Read: Czaja and Blair, Chapter 3, 9, Traugott and Lavrakas, Chapter 4.

April 27: Sampling and Statistical Inference
This meeting will provide an elementary introduction to sampling used in social science research and inference from samples to populations.
Read: Czaja and Blair, Chapter 7-8, Traugott and Lavrakas, Chapter 5.

May 4: Elementary Data Analysis
This meeting will concern an overview of elementary statistical techniques for describing data and examining relationships among variables.
Read: Traugott and Lavrakas, Chapter 8-9.

May 11: Computer assisted reporting instruction
No readings

May 18: More computer assisted reporting instruction
Read:Philadelphia Daily News story on the most dangerous boulevard in town http://www3.phillynews.com/packages/hellonwheels/hell1211.asp
Indianapolis Star piece about special interest money and the state legislature http://www.starnews.com/news/special/98/jan/0118SN_sellout.html
Wilmington Star piece about voting on school bonds http://starnews.wilmington.net/temp/bonds.html
Minneapolis Star-Tribune piece about hunting accidents http://www.startribune.com/cgi-bin/stOnLine/article?thisSlug=andy06
U.S.News and World Report article about poor telephone quality service in the U.S. http://www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/29bell.htm

May 25: MEMORIAL DAY -- NO CLASS

June 1: Discussion of Computer Assisted Reporting Projects
This meeting will involve a discussion and summary of computer assisted reporting projects and a review for the final examination.

June 8: Final Examination